ls – list current directory contents

pwd – prints the present working directory

cd – change directory

file – print the file type

less – prints the contents within a file

cp – copy files or folder

mkdir – make a directory

mv – rename or move files

rm – remove file or directory

cat – displays the contents of the file

wc – displays the number of lines, words and bytes in a file.

head – displays the first few lines of the file

tail – displays the last few lines of the file

clear – clears the screen

history – displays the content of the previously executed commands on the shell from history list

chgrp – change the ownership of the file’s group

passwd – change user’s password

chmod – change the permission mode of the file

chown – change file owner / group

ps – displays details of all the current processes

jobs – displays a list of all the active jobs

ping – send echo request to the network hosts

traceroute – displays the route packets trace to network host

netstat – displays the network connections, routing tables, interface stats etc

wget – network downloader

ssh – the openSSH ssh client to connect to remote host

locate – find files by name

find – search for files in directories

gzip – compress or expand files

tar – archiving utility

zip – package and compress file

grep – searches for the text in a file according to the regular expression given

sort – sort lines of text files

uniq – omits the repeated lines

cut – removes the section from each line of the file

diff – examine the changes or differences in the files